Final goodbye: Roll call of some who died in 2011

Associated Press

ATLANTA (AP) - They lived by the sword, both inspiring fear and acts of bloodshed around the world. And in the end, they both suffered violent deaths befitting their fearsome reputations. Perhaps no two deaths in 2011 transfixed the world more than those of terrorist leader Osama bin Laden and Libyan strongman Moammar Gadhafi.

Bin Laden became the most wanted man in the world after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks that killed almost 3,000 people. Nearly a decade later, he was shot dead by U.S. commandos in May after being tracked to his hideout in Pakistan. His body was buried at sea. For Gadhafi, the end came after he was captured by rebels, his final moments shown in gruesome, shaky handheld video that was seen across the globe.

If relief and even celebration by many greeted their demise, the deaths of other notables in 2011 brought reflection on lives of achievement.

The world of science and innovation lost Steve Jobs, the Apple founder who invented and marketed sleek gadgets that transformed everyday technology from the personal computer to the iPod, iPhone and iPad.

Science also said goodbye this year to Christian J. Lambertson, Norman Ramsey, William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr., Boris Chertok and Ralph Steinman.

Political figures who died in 2011 included R. Sargent Shriver, Warren M. Christopher, Jiri Dienstbier, Sultan bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, Geraldine Ferraro, Max van der Stoel, Necmattin Erbakan, Ratu Josefa Iloilo, Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu, Leonidas Kyrkos, Hugh Carey, Garret FitzGerald, Betty Ford, Vaclav Havel and Kim Jong Il.

In entertainment, the world lost Elizabeth Taylor, a woman whose sultry screen persona, stormy personal life and enduring fame made her one of the last of the classic movie stars. The year also saw the passing of soul singer Amy Winehouse, whose death at age 27 left many wondering what works of musical brilliance the world might have seen from the troubled, young star.

Others in the arts and entertainment field who died include: Peter Falk, Jane Russell, Clarence Clemons, Pinetop Perkins, Annie Girardot, Harry Morgan, Ferlin Husky, Susannah York, Randy "Macho Man" Savage, David Nelson, Sidney Lumet, Richard Hamilton, Bil Keane, Poly Styrene, M.F. Husain, Heavy D, Jackie Cooper, Robert Tear and Betty Garrett.

Here is a roll call of some of the people who died in 2011. (Cause of death cited for younger people if available.)

JANUARY:

Maj. Richard "Dick" Winters, 92. The man who fought in several major battles in World War II and whose quiet leadership was chronicled in the book and television miniseries "Band of Brothers." Jan. 2.

Malangatana Ngwenya, 74. A Mozambican painter, poet and politician who became one of Africa's most famous artists for his work drawing on the country's rocky history. Jan. 5.

Vang Pao, 81. A revered former general in the Royal Army of Laos, who led thousands of Hmong guerrillas in a CIA-backed secret army in the Vietnam war. Jan. 6.

Jiri Dienstbier, 73. A reporter turned dissident who joined Vaclav Havel to help topple one of Eastern Europe's most repressive regimes, then served under Havel in Czechoslovakia's first post-communist government. Jan. 8.

Peter Yates, 81. A British film maker who sent actor Steve McQueen screeching through the streets of San Francisco in a Ford Mustang in "Bullitt." Jan. 9.

Margaret Whiting, 86. A sweet-voiced performer known for sentimental ballads who sold millions of records in the 1940s and 1950s. Jan. 10.

David Nelson, 74. He starred on his parents' popular American television show "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet." Jan. 11. Colon cancer.

Mississippi Winn, 113. A former domestic worker believed to be the oldest living African-American in the U.S. and the seventh oldest person in the world. Jan. 14.

Susannah York, 72. One of the leading stars of British and Hollywood films in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Jan. 15. Cancer.

Don Kirshner, 76. A rock promoter who helped launch performers such as Prince, the Eagles, Lionel Ritchie and Ozzy Osbourne. Jan. 17.

R. Sargent Shriver, 95. First Peace Corps director, ambassador and leader of the War on Poverty in the U.S. but best known as a Kennedy in-law. Jan. 18.

Ed Mauser, 94. The oldest living member of a 101st Airborne Division company that became known as the "Band of Brothers" and fought some of the fiercest battles of World War II but kept his Army service secret even from his family. Jan. 21. Pancreatic cancer.

Jack LaLanne, 96. The fitness guru who inspired U.S. television viewers to trim down, eat well and pump iron for decades before diet and exercise became an American obsession. Jan. 23. Respiratory failure due to pneumonia.

Samuel Ruiz, 86. A retired Roman Catholic bishop and staunch defender of Indian rights who served as a mediator in talks between the Mexican government and leftist Zapatista rebels. Jan. 24.

Nora Sun, 72. A former U.S. trade counsel and granddaughter of the founder of Asia's first republic in China, Sun Yat-sen. Jan. 26. Injuries suffered in a car accident.

FEBRUARY:

Maria Schneider, 58. A French actress who was Marlon Brando's young co-star in Bernardo Bertolucci's steamy "Last Tango in Paris." Feb. 3.

J. Paul Getty, 54. The troubled grandson of one of the world's richest men who lost an ear in a grisly kidnapping in Italy. Feb. 3.

Maria Altman, 94. A refugee from Nazi-occupied Austria whose successfully fought to recover Gustav Klimt paintings looted from her Jewish family. Feb. 7.

Ratu Josefa Iloilo, 91. A Fijian tribal chief who as president made crucial decisions backing the military takeover of the South Pacific country. Feb. 7.

Christian J. Lambertson, 93. A scientist and doctor who invented a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus used by the military in World War II and later coined the term "scuba," an acronym by which such systems are widely known. Feb. 11.

Betty Garrett, 91. The vivacious Broadway star who played singer Frank Sinatra's sweetheart in two MGM musicals before her career was hampered by Hollywood's blacklist in the 1950s. Feb. 12.

George Shearing, 91. A Britsh-born jazz pianist who wrote the standard "Lullaby of Birdland" and headed a famed quintet. Feb. 14.

Suze Rotolo, 67. Artist and girlfriend of singer Bob Dylan, who was his lyrical muse when he came to prominence in the early 1960s. Feb. 25.

Judith Coplon, 81. Convicted of being a Soviet spy after she was caught with secret U.S. documents at a meeting with a Russian agent in 1949 but later acquitted. Feb. 26.

Necmattin Erbakan, 85. A longtime leader of Turkey's Islamic political movement and briefly the country's prime minister in the first Islamic-led coalition in the country's modern history. Feb. 27.

Duke Snider, 84. Baseball Hall of Famer for the "Boys of Summer" who helped the Dodgers bring their only World Series crown to Brooklyn. Feb. 27.

Frank Buckles, 110. The last surviving American veteran of World War I who also survived being a civilian prisoner of war in the Philippines in World War II. Feb. 27.

Jane Russell, 89. The voluptuous actress who starred in the controversial film "The Outlaw" and who, as a pin-up girl, set GIs' hearts to pounding during World War II. Feb. 28.

Annie Girardot, 79. The perky, gravelly voiced actress who became one of France's most enduring and modern stars. Feb. 28.

MARCH:

Mikhail Simonov, 81. An aircraft designer whose heavily armed and far-flying Sukhoi fighter jet became the star of the Soviet defense industry and a cash cow for post-communist Russia. March 4.

Alberto Granado, 88. He accompanied Ernesto "Che" Guevara on a journey of discovery across Latin America that was immortalized in Guevara's memoir and on the screen in "The Motorcycle Diaries." March 5.

Owsley "Bear" Stanley, 76. A 1960s counterculture figure who worked with the Grateful Dead and was a prolific LSD producer. March 12. Injuries suffered in a car crash.

Joe Morello, 82. A legendary American jazz drummer whose virtuosity and odd time signatures made him an integral part of the Dave Brubeck Quartet on such recordings as "Take Five." March 12.

Carel Boshoff, 83. Founder of an all-white separatist community who sought to preserve the culture of Afrikaners as South Africa moved from a white-ruled apartheid government to a democracy. March 16.

Michael Gough, 94. The British actor best known for playing Bruce Wayne's butler in a series of Batman movies. March 17.

Ferlin Husky, 85. A pioneering American country music entertainer in the 1950s and early `60s known for hits like "Wings of the Dove." March 17.

Farley Granger, 85. The 1950s American teen screen idol who starred in Alfred Hitchcock classics such as "Rope" and "Strangers on a Train." March 20.

Pinetop Perkins, 97. Grammy-winning bluesman, who for years played the rickety bars of the Mississippi Delta and performed with musicians such as Ike Turner, Sonny Boy Williamson and slide guitarist Robert Nighthawk. March 21.

Mayhew "Bo" Foster, 99. A World War II U.S. Army pilot who transported Nazi official Hermann Goering for interrogation in an unarmed, unescorted plane. March 21.

Elizabeth Taylor, 79. The violet-eyed American film goddess whose sultry screen persona, stormy personal life and enduring fame and glamour made her one of the last of the classic movie stars and a template for the modern celebrity. March 23.

Warren M. Christopher, 85. The attorney-turned-envoy who tirelessly traveled to Bosnia and the Middle East on peace missions as U.S. secretary of state in the Clinton administration. March 25. Complications from bladder and kidney cancer.

Olga Ulyanova, 89. A chemist and niece of Soviet founder Vladimir Lenin who wrote books praising her uncle and family. March 25.

Geraldine Ferraro, 75. A relatively obscure Democratic congresswoman who became the first woman on a major U.S. party ticket when she ran for vice president in 1984 and emboldened American women to seek office. March 26. Complications from blood cancer.

Harry Wesley Coover Jr., 94. Known as the inventor of the popular adhesive Super Glue. March 26.

Jose Alencar, 75. A former vice president and millionaire textile magnate who shared eight years of government with Brazil's first working-class President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. March 29.

Robert Tear, 72. A versatile Welsh tenor who appeared in opera houses around the world and made more than 250 recordings. March 29.

APRIL:

Ange Felix Patasse, 74. He led the desperately poor Central African Republic for a decade before being ousted in a coup in 2003. April 5.

Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, 85. He shared the Nobel Prize in medicine for his discovery of the hepatitis vaccine. April 5.

Sidney Lumet, 86. The award-winning director of such American film classics as "Network," "Serpico," "Dog Day Afternoon" and "12 Angry Men." April 9.

William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. 91. A Harvard professor who won the Nobel chemistry prize in 1976 for research on the structure of molecules and chemical bonding and mentored several future Nobel laureates. April 14. Pneumonia and complications from a fall.

Juan Pedro Domecq Solis, 69. One of Spain's foremost breeders of fighting bulls and a descendant from a famous sherry producing family. April 18. Vehicle collision.

Pietro Ferrero, 47. Chief executive of the Ferrero Group holding company that produces Nutella, Tic-Tac mints and other confections and a scion of one of Italy's richest families. April 18. Fall from a bicycle.

Grete Waitz, 57. The Norwegian runner who won nine New York marathons and the silver medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. April 19. Cancer.

Tim Hetherington, 49. A British-born, Oscar-nominated film director and photojournalist. April 20. Killed while covering fighting between rebels and government forces in Libya.

Hubert "Hub" Schlafly, 91. A key member of a team that invented the teleprompter and rescued soap opera actors, newscasters and politicians from stumbling over their words on live television. April 20.

Jess Jackson, 81. The founder of the Kendall-Jackson winery and owner of two most widely recognized thoroughbreds in recent years. April 21.

Norio Ohga, 81. As chairman he transformed the Japanese electronics maker Sony into a global software and entertainment empire. April 23.

Max van der Stoel, 86. A former Dutch foreign minister and a U.N. human rights representative who became a thorn in the side of the late Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. April 23.

Sathya Sai Baba, 84. A Hindu guru revered by millions worldwide. April 24.

Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu, 86. The outspoken beauty who served as South Vietnam's unofficial first lady early in the Vietnam war and earned the nickname "Dragon Lady" for her harsh criticism of protesting Buddhists and communist sympathizers. April 25.

Poly Styrene, 53. The braces-wearing British singer who belted out the punk anthem "Oh Bondage, Up Yours" with the band X-Ray Spex. April 25.

Orlando Bosch, 84. A Cuban exile militant who was acquitted in Venezuela in the 1976 bombing of a Cuban airliner. April 27.

Ernesto Sabato, 99. An Argentine writer who led the government's probe of crimes committed by the military dictatorship. April 30.

MAY:

Henry Cooper, 76. One of Britain's most popular sportsmen who was best known for knocking down Muhammad Ali when he was still known as Cassius Clay. May 1.

Osama bin Laden, 54. Terrorist leader whose money and preaching inspired the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, which killed nearly 3,000 people in New York, Washington and Pennsylvania. May 2. Killed during a raid by U.S. Navy SEALs in Pakistan.

Rene Emilio Ponce, 64. A Salvadoran army general and former defense minister accused of ordering the 1989 killing of six Jesuit priests and two others during the country's civil war. May 2.

Jackie Cooper, 88. One of the most popular child movie stars of the 1930s who later had a successful career as a television director and still appeared in films. May 3.

Arthur Laurents, 93. The director, playwright and screenwriter who wrote such enduring productions as "West Side Story" and "`Gypsy" as well as the film classics "Rope" and "The Way We Were." May 5.

Claude Stanley Coules, 110. The last known combat veteran of World War I who had a 41-year-military career that extended into World War II. May 5.

Seve Ballesteros, 54. A five-time major champion whose incomparable imagination and fiery personality made him one of the most significant figures in modern golf. May 7. Complications of a cancerous brain tumor.

Robert Stempel, 77. A former General Motors chief executive and engineer who led the development of the catalytic converter but was ousted in a boardroom coup. May 7.

Lidia Gueiler, 89. The only woman ever to have been Bolivia's president. May 9.

Burt Reinhardt, 91. One of CNN's first presidents and an American television pioneer who is credited with helping to build the global news network in its formative years. May 10.

Wallace McCain, 81. A billionaire frozen food mogul and philanthropist who helped turn a small Canadian french fry plant into the global McCain Foods empire and later went on to control meat processor Maple Leaf Foods. May 13.

Michael William Coplestone Dillon Onslow, 73. The 7th earl of Onslow and a cheerful advocate of removing nobles such as himself from the House of Lords. May 14.

Harmon Killebrew, 74. The baseball slugger for the Minnesota Twins and for many years the face of the team. May 17. Esophageal cancer.

Garret FitzGerald, 85. A beloved figure who as Ireland's prime minister in the 1980s was an early architect of peace in Northern Ireland. May 19.

Randy "Macho Man" Savage, 58. A larger-than-life personality from professional wrestling's 1980s heyday known for his raspy voice and brash style. May 20. Car crash.

Bill Hunter, 71. The archetype of a working class Australian with a distinctive accent, weather-worn face and a no-nonsense style who starred in films and on television. May 21. Cancer.

Leonora Carrington, 94. A British-born painter, writer and sculptor considered one of the last of the original surrealists. May 25.

Gil Scott-Heron, 62. Widely considered one of the godfathers of rap music with his piercing social and political prose laid against the backdrop of minimalist percussion, flute and other instrumentation. May 27.

Sergei Bagapsh, 62. Leader of Abkhazia, a separatist region of Georgia aligned with Russia. May 29. Lung cancer.

JUNE:

Albertina Sisulu, 92. A veteran of the anti-apartheid movement who was married to Nelson Mandela's mentor. June 2.

Sammy Ofer, 89. A billionaire Israeli shipping magnate and philanthropist at the center of a scandal involving trade with Iran. June 2.

Jack Kevorkian, 83. Defiant proponent of doctor-assisted suicide who said he oversaw the deaths of 130 gravely ill people. June 3.

James Arness, 88. An actor who towered over the American television landscape for two decades as righteous Dodge City lawman Matt Dillon in "Gunsmoke." June 3.

Harry Bernstein, 101. Wrote acclaimed memoir of an English childhood haunted by anti-Semitism "The Invisible Wall," published when he was 96. June 3.

Lawrence Eagleburger, 80. The only career U.S. foreign service officer to rise to secretary of state and whose exuberant style masked a hard-driving commitment to solving tangled foreign policy problems. June 4.

Jorge Semprun, 87. A writer and politician who chronicled his own experience in the Nazis' Buchenwald death camp, struggled against dictatorship in his native Spain and later became that country's culture minister. June 7.

M.F. Husain, 95, a former movie billboard artist who rose to become India's most sought after painter before going into self-imposed exile during an uproar over nude images of Hindu icons. June 9.

Brian Lenihan 52. A former finance minister who oversaw Ireland's struggle to avoid national bankruptcy even as he battled cancer. June 10.

Sir Patrick Michael Leigh Fermor, 96. A British travel writer who tramped across Europe in his teens and captured a German general in Nazi-occupied Crete during World War II. June 10.

Clarence Clemons, 69. The saxophone player for the E Street Band who was one of the key influences in Bruce Springsteen's life and music. June 18. Complications from a stroke.

Frederick Chiluba, 68. Zambia's first democratically elected president who became increasingly autocratic during his decade in office. June 18.

Yelena Bonner, 88. A Russian rights activist and widow of Nobel Peace Prize winner Andrei Sakharov. June 18.

Peter Falk, 83. The American stage and screen actor who became identified as the rumpled detective title character on "Colombo," which spanned 30 years in primetime U.S. television. June 23.

Christiane Desroches Noblecourt, 97. A pioneering Egyptologist who prodded Gen. Gamal Abdel Nasser to help salvage Nubia's vaunted antiquities. June 23.

JULY:

Itamar Franco, 81. A former Brazilian president who in the 1980s tamed inflation in Latin America's largest country. July 2.

Otto Von Habsburg, 98. The oldest son of Austria's last emperor and head of one of Europe's most influential families. July 4.

Manuel Galban, 80. An award-winning Cuban guitarist who rose to international fame as a member of the Buena Vista Social Club musical collective. July 7.

Betty Ford, 93. The former U.S. first lady whose triumph over drug and alcohol addiction became a beacon of hope for addicts and the inspiration for her Betty Ford Center in California. July 8.

Facundo Cabral, 74. One of Latin America's most admired folk singers who was also a novelist. July 9. Killed in Guatemala City when gunmen ambushed his vehicle.

Leo Kirch, 84. A German media mogul whose television empire collapsed in a spectacular bankruptcy nearly a decade ago. July 14.

Juan Maria Bordaberry, 83. Former president-turned dictator whose coup launched more than a decade of military rule in Uruguay. July 17.

Lucien Freud, 88. A towering and uncompromising figure in the art world for more than 50 years known for his intense realist portraits, particularly of nudes. July 20.

Elliot Handler, 95. With his wife, he grew Mattel Inc. from a small home-based picture-frame business into the largest U.S. toy maker and created the Hot Wheels brand. July 21.

Charles T. Manatt, 75. A former chairman of the Democratic National Committee and former U.S. ambassador to the Dominican Republic during the Clinton administration. July 22.

Nguyen Cao Ky, 80. The flamboyant former air force general who ruled South Vietnam for two years with an iron fist during the Vietnam war. July 23.

Amy Winehouse, 27. A dazzling, versatile singer who produced bitterly honest lyrics but who made headlines because of drug and alcohol abuse, eating disorders and destructive relationships. July 23. Alcohol poisoning.

John Shalikashvili, 75. A retired U.S. Army general who was the first foreign-born chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and counseled President Bill Clinton on the use of troops in Bosnia and other trouble spots. July 24.

John Stott, 90. A minister who led a resurgence of evangelism in Britain and went on to become one of the most influential evangelical thinkers of the 20th century. July 27.

Pietro Sambi, 73. An archbishop and papal ambassador to the United States who helped bring about a meeting between Pope Benedict XVI and clerical sex abuse victims. July 27.

AUGUST:

Delois Barrett Campbell, 85. A member of the award-winning Barrett Sisters who electrified audiences around the world with their powerful gospel harmonies. Aug. 2.

Baruj Benacerraf, 90. A Venezuelan-born immunologist who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Aug. 2.

Bubba Smith, 66. Former NFL star and actor best known for playing Moses Hightower, the soft-spoken officer in the "Police Academy" films. Aug. 3

Jean-Claude Bajeux, 79. A former culture minister, scholar and steadfast human rights activist who targeted both Haiti's long-ruling family dictatorship and the governments that followed. Aug. 5.

Andrzej Lepper, 57. A pig farmer-turned-firebrand populist who was briefly deputy prime minister in a shaky Polish government and who was later disgraced in a bribery and sex scandal. Aug. 5. Suspected suicide.

Hugh Carey, 92. A former New York governor who saved New York City from bankruptcy in the 1970s, staring down President Gerald Ford in the process. Aug. 7.

Marshall Grant, 83. The last surviving member of Johnny Cash and the Tennessee Two who helped change the future of American music and popular culture with their boom-chicka-boom beat. Aug. 7.

Billy Grammer, 85. His 1958 hit "Gotta Travel On" hit the top of American pop music charts and led to a long career at the Grand Ole Opry. Aug. 10.

Ctirad Masin, 81. A controversial anti-communist fighter in the former nation of Czechoslovakia who eluded a massive East Bloc manhunt during the Cold War. Aug. 13.

Raoul Ruiz, 70. A Chilean-born filmmaker who made more than 100 films and rebelled against the conventions of movie-making. Aug. 19.

Albert "Doc" Brown, 105. A survivor of the Bataan Death March, a harrowing 65-mile (105 kilometer) trek in which 78,000 prisoners of war were forced to walk from Bataan, a province near Manila, to a Japanese prisoner camp. Aug. 21.

Jack Layton, 61. A folksy and charismatic political leader who guided his leftist New Democrat party to become the dominant opposition group in Canada's Parliament while battling severe health problems. Aug. 22. Cancer.

Vicco von Buelow, 87. A humorist known as "Loriot," often cited by Germans as proof of their sense of humor. Aug. 22.

Frank Dileo, 63. An American music industry executive, who managed Michael Jackson's career in the 1980s and returned as his manager in the superstar's final days. Aug. 24.

Leonidas Kyrkos, 86. A veteran leftist politician who once nearly faced a firing squad and eventually became one of Greece's most respected politicians. Aug. 28.

David "Honey Boy" Edwards, 96. An award-winning American musician believed to be the oldest surviving Delta bluesman, in Chicago. Aug. 28.

Betty Skelton Erde, 85. An aviation and auto racing pioneer once called the fastest woman on Earth. Aug. 31.

SEPTEMBER:

Sandor Kepiro, 97. A former officer in the Hungarian security force who was acquitted of Holocaust-era war crimes. Sept. 3.

Julio Casas Regueiro, 75. An accountant who fought in Cuba's revolution and became a general, then used his training to run the military's lucrative enterprises for two decades before becoming defense minister. Sept. 3.

Vann Nath, 66. An artist who was among only seven people to survive Cambodia's most notorious prison of the 1970s Khmer Rouge regime and who later depicted the facility's horrific torture. Sept. 5.

Salvatore Licitra, 43. A tenor known in his Italian homeland as the "new Pavarotti." Sept. 5. Motorcycle accident.

Cliff Robertson, 88. Actor who portrayed President John F. Kennedy in the film "PT-109" and won an Oscar for playing a mentally disabled man in "Charly." Sept. 10.

John Calley, 81. He ran three Hollywood studios that made such hits as "The Exorcist" and "Spider-Man." Sept. 13.

Richard Hamilton, 89. A British pop artist pioneer who depicted former Prime Minister Tony Blair as a cowboy and designed a Beatles' album cover. Sept. 13.

Charles H. Percy, 91. A Chicago businessman who became a U.S. senator and was once widely viewed as a top presidential contender. Sept. 17.

Robert Whitaker, 71. A photographer who shot some of the most famous- and infamous- images of The Beatles. Sept. 20. Cancer.

Aristides Pereira, 87. Fought Portugal's colonial rule in the Cape Verde islands and became the West African nation's first president. Sept. 23.

Wangari Maathi, 71. The first African woman recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, who combined environmentalism and social activism. Sept. 25. Cancer.

Phillip Matthew Hannan, 98. The popular former New Orleans Roman Catholic archbishop who sought to console a grieving U.S. with his eulogy for slain President John F. Kennedy. Sept. 29.

Anwar al-Awlaki, 40. An American-born Muslim preacher and savvy Internet operator, who became a powerful al-Qaida tool for recruiting in the West. Sept. 30. Killed in what was believed to be a U.S. airstrike in Yemen.

Ralph Steinman, 68. A pioneering cell biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for his discoveries about the immune system. Sept. 30. Pancreatic cancer.

OCTOBER:

Arthur C. Nielsen Jr., 92. He led the company that grew into an international firm that produces the TV ratings known as "The Nielsens." Oct. 3.

Steve Jobs, 56. The Apple founder and former chief executive who invented and master-marketed ever sleeker gadgets that transformed everyday technology, from the personal computer to the iPod and iPhone. Oct. 5.

Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth, 89. Civil rights activist who endured arrests, beatings and injuries from fire hoses while fighting for racial equality in the segregated South of the 1960s. Oct. 5.

Bert Jansch, 67. A virtuoso acoustic guitarist who was at the center of the British folk revival of the 1960s and 1970s. Oct. 5.

Robert Galvin, 89. He was Motorola's chief executive for 29 years and took it from maker of police radios and television sets to one of the world's leading electronic companies. Oct. 11.

James Van Doren, 72. The co-founder of Vans canvas shoes that were embraced by the skateboard culture and became a sensation in the U.S. when Sean Penn wore a checkerboard pair in the 1982 film "Fast Times at Ridgemont High." Oct. 12. Cancer.

Dan Wheldon, 33. Race car driver who moved from his native England to the United States with hopes of winning the Indianapolis 500 race and went on to do so twice. Oct. 16. Wreck at the Las Vegas Indy 300.

Tadeusz Sawicz, 97. A Polish World War II airman believed to be the last surviving Polish pilot from the Battle of Britain. Oct. 19.

Moammar Gadhafi, 69. The last of the old-style Arab strongmen who ruled Libya for nearly 42 years with an eccentric brutality. Oct. 20. Died after being captured by rebels in Libya.

Sultan bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, 80. Crown prince of Saudi Arabia who as defense minister closed multibillion-dollar deals to establish the modern Saudi armed forces. Oct. 22.

Jimmy Savile, 84. A veteran British broadcaster and famously eccentric culture figure. Oct. 29.

NOVEMBER:

Dorothy Rodham, 92. Mother of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and former President Bill Clinton's mother-in-law. Nov. 1.

Norman Ramsey, 96. Shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in physics for his research into atomic energy levels that led to the creation of the atomic clock and imaging machines. Nov. 4.

Andy Rooney, 92. The curmudgeonly commentator who spent 30 years talking about the oddities of life on American television. Nov. 4.

Alfonso Cano, 63. A bespectacled intellectual who rose from chief ideologist to maximum leader of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, also known as the FARC. Nov. 4. Killed in combat.

Joe Frazier, 67. One of the great heavyweight boxers of his era who was forever associated with three bouts he had with Mohammad Ali, including the "Thrilla in Manila." Nov. 7.

Bil Keane, 89. Creator of the comic strip "Family Circus," which entertained readers with a mix of humor and traditional family values for more than a half century. Nov. 8.

Heavy D, 44. He became one of rap's top hit makers in the late 1980s and early 1990s with his charming combination of humor and positivity. Nov. 8. Died after collapsing outside his home.

Francisco Blake Mora, 45. Mexico's interior minister and point man in the country's deadly war against organized crime and drug cartels. Nov. 11. Helicopter crash.

Evelyn Lauder, 75. An executive at cosmetics giant Estee Lauder Cos. who helped create the pink ribbon campaign for breast cancer awareness. Nov. 12.

Karl Slover, 93. One of the last surviving actors who played one of the Munchkins in the 1939 classic film "The Wizard of Oz." Nov. 15.

Basil D'Oliveira, 80. A South African-born cricket player for England who became a pivotal figure in the sport's battle against apartheid. Nov. 19.

Anne McCaffrey, 85. Her vision of an interstellar alliance between humans and dragons spawned the science fiction "Dragonriders of Pern" novels. Nov. 21. Stroke.

Eli Hurvitz, 79. The one-time laboratory dishwasher who transformed Teva Pharmaceutical Industries from a small Israeli medical company into the world's largest genetic drugmaker. Nov. 21.

Danielle Mitterrand, 87. The widow of France's first Socialist president, Francois Mitterrand, and who joined the World War II French resistance and later advocated many left-leaning causes and vociferously opposed capitalist excess. Nov. 22.

Svetlana Alliluyeva, 85. Known later in life as Lana Peters, she was Soviet dictator Josef Stalin's daughter whose defection to the West during the Cold War embarrassed the ruling communists and made her a best-stelling author. Nov. 22.

Tom Wicker, 85. The former New York Times political reporter and columnist whose career soared after his acclaimed coverage of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Nov. 25.

Judy Lewis, 76. Conceived out of wedlock by movie stars Clark Gable and Loretta Young while they filmed "Call of the Wild" in the 1930s, for years one of the best kept secrets in Hollywood. Nov. 25.

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, 78. A millionaire's son who became leader of the breakaway Republic of Biafra in eastern Nigeria, plunging the country into civil war that killed a million people and brought television images of starving African children. Nov. 26.

Ken Russell, 84. An iconoclastic British director whose daring films blended music, sex and violence in a potent brew seemingly drawn from his subconscious. Nov. 27.

Ante Markovic, 87. The former Yugoslavia's last prime minister who tried to prevent the country's bloody breakup in the 1990s. Nov. 27.

DECEMBER:

Francois Lesage, 82. The heir of the legendary Maison Lesage embroidery atelier which has been long embellishing Paris' couture houses' most fantastic creations. Dec. 1.

Dev Anand, 88. A charismatic and flamboyant Indian film star for more than half a century. Dec. 3.

Socrates, 57. A former Brazilian soccer star known for his elegant style and deep involvement in politics. Dec. 4. Septic shock from an intestinal infection.

Patricia Dunn, 58. The former Hewlett-Packard chairwoman who authorized a board room surveillance probe that ultimately sullied her remarkable rise from investment bank typist to the corporate upper class. Dec. 4. Ovarian cancer.

Violetta Villas 73. A Polish coloratura soprano who spurned opera for popular music and became a cabaret star in Las Vegas and then got trapped behind the Iron Curtain when she returned to care for her dying mother. Dec. 5.

Harry Morgan, 96. An actor best known for playing the fatherly Col. Sherman Potter on the TV show "M-A-S-H." Dec. 7.

Jerry Robinson, 89. A comic book industry pioneer who helped create Batman sidekick Robin the Boy Wonder and their arch-nemesis The Joker. Dec. 7.

Diana Joy Colbert, 41. The wife of author Charles Bock whose battle with leukemia inspired widespread sympathy and support among the New York literary community. Dec. 8.

Cardinal John Foley, 76. For 25 years, he was the voice for American viewers of the Vatican's Christmas Midnight Mass and he led an ancient Catholic order in the Holy Land. Dec. 11.

Boris Chertok, 99. A Russian rocket designer who played a key role in engineering Soviet-era space programs. Dec. 14.

George Whitman, 98. A pillar of Paris' literary scene, whose eclectic bookshop Shakespeare and Company was a beacon for readers. Dec. 14.

Joe Simon, 98. He co-created Captain America along with Jack Kirby and was one of the comic book industry's most revered writers, artists and editors. Dec. 14.

Christopher Hitchens, 62. An author, essayist and polemicist who waged verbal and occasional physical battle on behalf of causes left and right. Dec. 15. Complications from esophageal cancer.

Kim Jong Il, 69. North Korea's mercurial and enigmatic leader whose iron rule and nuclear ambitions dominated world security fears for more than a decade. Dec. 17. Heart attack.

Cesaria Evora, 70. Grammy-winning Cape Verde singer known as the "Barefoot Diva" because she always performed without shoes. Dec. 17.

Vaclav Havel, 75. Czech dissident playwright who led the 1989 anti-communist "Velvet Revolution" and went from prisoner to president. Dec. 18.