The front end is IFS. (Independent Front Suspension) That means half shafts. The front axle housing is ''short'' with the axle ends angling up and down as needed. You have a set of CV (Constant Velocity) joints in each side. They're basically ball bearings in a set of disks with machined slots. the balls ride in the slots, so the joint can angle itself. They're better than Universal joints, which vibrate bad above a certain angle.

So... you have the differential, the half shafts ending at a CV joint. The outer shaft connects to that and goes to a second CV at the wheel hub. That keeps the wheels vertical when bouncing up and down.

Either a CV joint failed, or you tore out a spline at the wheel hub. You said there was noise at the wheel itself, but it could be telegraphed from something farther in. It needs to come apart to see what failed before any parts ordering gets done.

On edit:

This is one good reason to leave the ESP system on. The computer will keep the torque levels down since it drives by wire. Turning it all off allows high RPM and too much spin, and that's when things break.